https://liberty.ioCurated star highlights with fresh energy.en-usThu, 27 Aug 2026 10:37:57 -0400https://liberty.io/sd-of-a-bernoulli-trial.htmlhttps://liberty.io/sd-of-a-bernoulli-trial.htmlWhy nothing is mentioned about the standard deviation of a Bernoulli trial ? Does it even make sense if I try to visualize it ?...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:29:43 -0400https://liberty.io/euclidean-norm-and-matrix-question.htmlhttps://liberty.io/euclidean-norm-and-matrix-question.htmlIf $A$ is a real $n \times n$ matrix and $x \in \mathbb{R}^n$ then is it true that $|Ax| \le |A||x|$? Here $|x|$ is the usual euclidean norm for vectors and $|A| = \sqrt{\Sigma_{i,j} a_{ij}^2}$...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:28:32 -0400https://liberty.io/notation-is-a-monotonic-function-of.htmlhttps://liberty.io/notation-is-a-monotonic-function-of.htmlThe symbols $\sim$ and $\propto$ are used to denote direct proportionality of two quantities. Sometimes, a weaker statement is enough or desired, for example when one can only assume that an incre......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:22:10 -0400https://liberty.io/trigonometric-expression-for-1-cos-alpha-cos-2-alpha-cdots-cos-n-alpha.htmlhttps://liberty.io/trigonometric-expression-for-1-cos-alpha-cos-2-alpha-cdots-cos-n-alpha.htmlThis question is not a duplicate because I am asked here to use the fact that $1 + \cos \alpha + \cos 2 \alpha + \cdots + \cos n \alpha = Re (1 + z + z^{2} + \cdots + z^{n})$, where the question t......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:12:14 -0400https://liberty.io/how-frac-1-x-is-integrable-if-it-is-not-a-continuous-function.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-frac-1-x-is-integrable-if-it-is-not-a-continuous-function.htmlIf function is not continuous then it means it's not differentiable and that would mean that it should not be integrable as differentiation is the reverse process of integration. I am talking about ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:04:28 -0400https://liberty.io/ackermann-039-s-function-is-mu-recursive.htmlhttps://liberty.io/ackermann-039-s-function-is-mu-recursive.htmlIn my book there is the following proof that Ackermann's function is $\mu$-recursive: We propose to show that Ackermann's funcition is $\mu$-recursive. The first part of the job is to devise a sc......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:46:41 -0400https://liberty.io/prove-that-cot-2-pi-7-cot-2-2-pi-7-cot-2-3-pi-7-5.htmlhttps://liberty.io/prove-that-cot-2-pi-7-cot-2-2-pi-7-cot-2-3-pi-7-5.htmlProve that $\cot^2{(\pi/7)} + \cot^2{(2\pi/7)} + \cot^2{(3\pi/7)} = 5$ . I am sure this is derived from using roots of unity and Euler's complex number function, but I am very uncomfortable in these ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:43:09 -0400https://liberty.io/definition-of-degree-matrix-of-directed-graph.htmlhttps://liberty.io/definition-of-degree-matrix-of-directed-graph.htmlim sorry if this is a trivial question. As the title stated, how is the degree matrix of a directed graph defined? I looked up wikipedia of degree matrix but there was no defitnition of it. Instead......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:35:35 -0400https://liberty.io/how-many-axis-of-symmetry-of-the-cube-are-there.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-many-axis-of-symmetry-of-the-cube-are-there.htmlIn my final mathematics test, I have a bonus question: How many axis of symmetry of the cube are there? The teacher gives me the definition: Definition: If we rotate a 3-dimension object around......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:31:01 -0400https://liberty.io/sum-of-divergent-and-convergent-series.htmlhttps://liberty.io/sum-of-divergent-and-convergent-series.html$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}x_n$ is a convergent series and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}y_n$ is a divergent series. Prove their sum diverges. My attempt: Suppose $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}x_n + y_n$ converges. Since ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:30:28 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-term-distance-preserving.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-term-distance-preserving.htmlI've been looking for a definition of this term in everyday words but I can't come across one, the use of the word is in the context of Isometrics....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:24:22 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-use-of-calculus.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-use-of-calculus.htmlI know this may seem like a really broad question, but I will narrow it down. I really want to know the purpose of some of the things my teacher is emphasizing in my calc class. For example why it so ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:15:38 -0400https://liberty.io/real-world-examples-of-continuous-uniform-distribution-on-0-1.htmlhttps://liberty.io/real-world-examples-of-continuous-uniform-distribution-on-0-1.htmlCan someone give me real world examples of uniform distribution on [0,1] of a continuous random variable, because I could not make out one....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:14:09 -0400https://liberty.io/on-the-proof-of-fleury-039-s-algorithm-question-2.htmlhttps://liberty.io/on-the-proof-of-fleury-039-s-algorithm-question-2.htmlOn pages 42-43 in [1], it says: We conclude our introduction to Eulerian graphs with an algorithm for constructing an Eulerian trail in a give Eulerian graph. The method is know as Fleury's ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:09:57 -0400https://liberty.io/what-does-the-term-arbitrary-number-mean-in-math.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-does-the-term-arbitrary-number-mean-in-math.htmlWhat does "arbitrary number" means in math? I've often seen this vocabulary but I can't find the meaning of it. For example, I'll see phrases like "arbitrary positive integer"....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 13:00:54 -0400https://liberty.io/computing-t-beta-notation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/computing-t-beta-notation.htmlI am having what I think is a notational issue with the following problem: For each of the following linear operators $T$ on a vector space $V$ and ordered bases $\beta$, compute $[T]_\beta$, and ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:59:00 -0400https://liberty.io/trisecting-angles-which-can-be-trisected.htmlhttps://liberty.io/trisecting-angles-which-can-be-trisected.htmlI'm aware that, in general, arbitrary angles cannot be trisected by a compass and straightedge, but also that it is possible for some specific angles. I've been googling for a while to find: Which ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:52:05 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-value-of-xyz.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-value-of-xyz.htmlIf $a,b$ and $c$ are not equal to $0$ and $1$ and if $a^x=b,b^y=c,c^z=a$,then $xyz=?$ We have tried to solve by equation,but it can't produce the desired result....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:47:16 -0400https://liberty.io/dice-game-probability-theory.htmlhttps://liberty.io/dice-game-probability-theory.htmlThere are many dice problems on here so there could be duplicate. If there is I apologize. Here is the question. The game is given as follows: you are given 5 dice, and the goal of the game is to ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:42:53 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-a-function.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-a-function.htmlI have been quite confused by the definition of functions and their uses.. First of all can one define functions in a clear understandable way, with a clear explanation of their uses, how they work......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:40:31 -0400https://liberty.io/sum-of-frac-1-n-2-for-n-1-2-3-duplicate.htmlhttps://liberty.io/sum-of-frac-1-n-2-for-n-1-2-3-duplicate.htmlPossible Duplicate: Different methods to compute $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2}$. I just got the "New and Revised" edition of "Mathematics: The New Golden Age", by Keith Devlin. On p. 64 it ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:38:55 -0400https://liberty.io/prove-two-angles-add-up-to-90-degrees.htmlhttps://liberty.io/prove-two-angles-add-up-to-90-degrees.html$\triangle ABC$ is inscribed within circle $O$. $D$ is the midpoint of $AC$. $E$ is on $AB$ such that $ED/EB=CD/CB$. $CE$ intersects circle $O$ at $F$. Prove that $\angle EDF + \angle CDB = 90^{\ci......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:38:54 -0400https://liberty.io/the-antiderivative-of-sin-1-x.htmlhttps://liberty.io/the-antiderivative-of-sin-1-x.htmlHow to prove that the function $f(x)=\sin\frac{1}{x}$ for $x\neq 0,f(0)=0$ has an antiderivative? This means $F(x)=\int^{x}_{0}\sin(1/t)dt$ has derivative $0$ at $x=0$, but I have no idea how to pr......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:36:47 -0400https://liberty.io/why-can-we-use-geometric-proofs-in-algebra.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-can-we-use-geometric-proofs-in-algebra.htmlFor example, whenever I search for a proof of the Pythagorean theorem, I get a drawing of a geometric proof, yet we use the Pythagorean theorem to algebraically compute distance between points in an ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:35:27 -0400https://liberty.io/understanding-the-definition-of-a-splitting-field.htmlhttps://liberty.io/understanding-the-definition-of-a-splitting-field.htmlThe splitting field of a polynomial $p$ with coefficients over a field $K$ is defined as the smallest field that contains $K$, in which the polynomial can split into linear factors. I just want t......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:30:17 -0400https://liberty.io/new-pattern-question-2-7-26-101-400-closed.htmlhttps://liberty.io/new-pattern-question-2-7-26-101-400-closed.htmlSame Mom trying to help daughter here. Once I know how to explain this pattern, can you tell me what I'd call this area of math so I can go re-teach myself? I feel like I could have done this in ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:21:11 -0400https://liberty.io/calculus-question-with-circle-and-string-tracing-an-area.htmlhttps://liberty.io/calculus-question-with-circle-and-string-tracing-an-area.htmlThe figure shows a piece of string tied to a circle with a radius of one unit. The string is just long enough to reach the opposite side of the circle. Find the area of the region, not including the ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:19:56 -0400https://liberty.io/find-an-equation-of-the-line-tangent-to-the-graph-of-at-the-point-wher.htmlhttps://liberty.io/find-an-equation-of-the-line-tangent-to-the-graph-of-at-the-point-wher.htmlSo I was given the following prompt when studying for a test: "A curve $C$ is defined by the parametric equations $x(t)=3+t^2$ and $y(t)=t^3+5t$. Find an equation of the line tangent to the gr......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:14:24 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-translate-a-vector-and-then-rotate-by-a-point.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-translate-a-vector-and-then-rotate-by-a-point.htmlI am trying to do this problem: Identify the combination formed by first translating by the vector $(2,0)$ and then rotating by $90$ degrees about $(0,0)$. but I'm a bit confused so, I searc......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:13:14 -0400https://liberty.io/minimum-velocity.htmlhttps://liberty.io/minimum-velocity.htmlThere is a particle moving along the $x$-axis at any time $t \geq 0$. The velocity of this particle is given by $$v(t) = \cos(πt) - t(6-2\pi).$$ I am supposed to find the particle's minimum velo......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:12:13 -0400https://liberty.io/complex-analysis-liouville-039-s-theorem-application-and-polynomial-de.htmlhttps://liberty.io/complex-analysis-liouville-039-s-theorem-application-and-polynomial-de.htmlExercise : Let $f:\mathbb C \to \mathbb C$ be an entire function. (a) If $|f(z)| \geq 1$ $\forall z \in \mathbb C$, show that the function $f$ is constant in $\mathbb C.$ (b) If : $$\lim_{|z|\......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:03:30 -0400https://liberty.io/number-of-possible-combinations-of-the-enigma-machine-plugboard.htmlhttps://liberty.io/number-of-possible-combinations-of-the-enigma-machine-plugboard.htmlThis is a question about basic combinatorics. I recently watched again a youtube video about the Enigma cipher machine (in the Numberphile channel, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2_Q9FoD-oQ), wh......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:39:23 -0400https://liberty.io/projection-of-triangle-in-3d-to-2d-and-reverse.htmlhttps://liberty.io/projection-of-triangle-in-3d-to-2d-and-reverse.htmlIn a software I am developing, I use a triangle defined in 3D by three points $A$, $B$, and $C$. In order to display this triangle on the screen, I use a simple projection as follow (this is basica......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:35:53 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-the-dihedral-angle-of-a-octahedron.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-the-dihedral-angle-of-a-octahedron.htmlI am trying to find the dihedral angle of a regular octahedron. All the triangles on a octahedron are equilateral triangles. So, when I drop the perpendicular from the top of the octahedron to the ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:27:38 -0400https://liberty.io/questions-about-aleph-aleph-null.htmlhttps://liberty.io/questions-about-aleph-aleph-null.htmlNote: I apologize in advance for not using proper notation on some of these values, but this is literally my first post on this site and I do not know how to display these values correctly. I rece......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:19:17 -0400https://liberty.io/integer-expression.htmlhttps://liberty.io/integer-expression.htmlExpression $$\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}$$ takes an integer value $2$ when $a=t, b=t, c=3t$. Are there any other integer values of variables for integer value of expression?...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:15:32 -0400https://liberty.io/when-is-mathbb-b-mathbb-x-compact.htmlhttps://liberty.io/when-is-mathbb-b-mathbb-x-compact.htmlLet $\mathbb{X}$ be a (real or complex) Banach Space and let $\mathbb{B}(\mathbb{X})$ be the space of all bounded linear operators of $\mathbb{X}$. Let $\tau_u$ be the Uniform Topology on $\mathb......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:14:20 -0400https://liberty.io/what-does-s-1-2-3-mean.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-does-s-1-2-3-mean.htmlApparently, if one adds an asterisk to the right side of a set definition, it means the set to the left can be built out of elements in the set to the right. How is this so? What does the asterisk ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:09:34 -0400https://liberty.io/sin-6-6-or-sin-6-6.htmlhttps://liberty.io/sin-6-6-or-sin-6-6.htmlFor small values of $\theta$, $\sin\theta = \theta$ this must be done in what units radians or degrees Sin (6°)=6 or sin(6)=6...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:07:06 -0400https://liberty.io/cryptography-solve-x-2-equiv-331-pmod-385-using-modular-arithmetic.htmlhttps://liberty.io/cryptography-solve-x-2-equiv-331-pmod-385-using-modular-arithmetic.htmlHow can I find (3) congruence equations to solve $$x^2\equiv331\pmod{385}$$ using Legendre and Jacobi Symbols and use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to combine the solutions to those equations to ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:05:42 -0400https://liberty.io/angle-between-two-surfaces.htmlhttps://liberty.io/angle-between-two-surfaces.htmlI have the next question: Find the angle between two surfaces: $x^2+y^2+z^2=9$ and $z=x^2+y^2-3$ at the point $(2,-1,2)$. I have the next formula: $$\cos\theta =\frac{\nabla \Phi _{1}\cdot\nabla......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:55:11 -0400https://liberty.io/when-simplifying-sin-arctan-x-why-is-negative-x-not-considered.htmlhttps://liberty.io/when-simplifying-sin-arctan-x-why-is-negative-x-not-considered.htmlLet $u = \arctan(x)$, hence $x = \tan(u)$ for $u$ belongs in $(-\frac\pi2, \frac\pi2)$. Since $u$ belongs in $(-\frac\pi2, \frac\pi2)$, we consider $\sin(u)$ where $u$ belongs in $(-\frac\pi2, \fra......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:54:34 -0400https://liberty.io/can-i-solve-this-differential-equation-at-a-point.htmlhttps://liberty.io/can-i-solve-this-differential-equation-at-a-point.htmlI want to solve this differential equation evaluted at $x=0$. I will start with an example with $m=2$ $$ f(0)+f'(0)+f''(0)=2\lambda_{1}\lambda_{2}+4 $$ where $m$,$\lambda_{1}$ and $\lambda_{1}$ are ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:49:18 -0400https://liberty.io/does-bounded-in-probability-imply-convergence-in-probability.htmlhttps://liberty.io/does-bounded-in-probability-imply-convergence-in-probability.htmlA random variable, $X_n$, is defined to be bounded in probability if there exists an $M$ and $N$ for which \begin{align*} \mathbb{P}\big(|X_n| < M\big) > 1 - \epsilon,\ \forall n > N,\ \fo......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:48:24 -0400https://liberty.io/proof-of-clarkson-039-s-inequality.htmlhttps://liberty.io/proof-of-clarkson-039-s-inequality.htmlTrying to find a proof for Clarkson's inequality, which states that if $2 \leq p < \infty$, then for any $f, g \in L^p$, we have that $$\left|\left|f+g\right|\right|_p^p + \left|\left|f-g\right|......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:43:45 -0400https://liberty.io/what-are-some-of-the-best-textbooks-on-multi-objective-optimization.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-are-some-of-the-best-textbooks-on-multi-objective-optimization.htmlI am looking for textbooks on non-linear multi-objective optimization that are rigorous. For instance, I am most comfortable with Arkadi Nemirovski style. I am looking for a book on nonlinear multi-...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:35:23 -0400https://liberty.io/why-is-homology-unable-to-distinguish-between-planar-and-non-planar-gr.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-is-homology-unable-to-distinguish-between-planar-and-non-planar-gr.htmlIntuitively, one can think of non-planar graphs as having a "two-dimensional hole" (Edit: this is both unclear and not entirely, if at all, correct, see comments below question), thus necessitating......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:26:06 -0400https://liberty.io/does-zeta-3-have-a-connection-with-pi.htmlhttps://liberty.io/does-zeta-3-have-a-connection-with-pi.htmlThe problem Can be $\zeta(3)$ written as $\alpha\pi^\beta$, where ($\alpha,\beta \in \mathbb{C}$), $\beta \ne 0$ and $\alpha$ doesn't depend of $\pi$ (like $\sqrt2$, for example)? Details Severa......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:25:26 -0400https://liberty.io/is-there-a-formula-for-the-roots-of-a-quintic-equation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/is-there-a-formula-for-the-roots-of-a-quintic-equation.htmlI can get my head around this so someone explain it please. $(1)$ From Galois theory it is known there is no formula to solve a general quintic equation. But it is known a general quintic can be ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:23:36 -0400https://liberty.io/reference-for-harmonic-analysis.htmlhttps://liberty.io/reference-for-harmonic-analysis.htmlI'm looking primarily for references for Harmonic Analysis. I'm mostly considering Doran&Fell or Deitmar, but I have access to lectures using Stein as well. The important thing is covering Uni......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:19:58 -0400https://liberty.io/are-all-eigenvectors-of-any-matrix-always-orthogonal.htmlhttps://liberty.io/are-all-eigenvectors-of-any-matrix-always-orthogonal.htmlI have a very simple question that can be stated without proof. Are all eigenvectors, of any matrix, always orthogonal? I am trying to understand Principal components and it is cruucial for me to s......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:19:38 -0400https://liberty.io/information-theory-data-processing-inequality.htmlhttps://liberty.io/information-theory-data-processing-inequality.htmlThe data processing inequality theorem states that given a markov chain $W \rightarrow X \rightarrow Y $, then $ I(W;X) \ge I(W;Y) $ Does this also mean that for 4 variables $W \rightarrow X \righ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:18:32 -0400https://liberty.io/game-theory-value-of-a-game.htmlhttps://liberty.io/game-theory-value-of-a-game.htmlI haven't found any suitable explanation or even definition for this concept. What is the value of game in game theory? Can anybody explain me with an example....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:17:50 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-contour-integration.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-contour-integration.htmlSo I recently took a course that involves contour integration. I understood how to perform the integrals out, but I never got a hold of what the physical meaning was. I understand the introductory ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:04:50 -0400https://liberty.io/derivation-of-the-cubic-formula.htmlhttps://liberty.io/derivation-of-the-cubic-formula.htmlIn my research I came across the following derivation of the cubic formula that was almost complete. However at the end it says to make the substitution $u=z^3$ which would determine the roots. I ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:02:52 -0400https://liberty.io/difference-between-scatter-plot-and-a-dotplot.htmlhttps://liberty.io/difference-between-scatter-plot-and-a-dotplot.htmlThis question is now haunting me like anything, I am unable to understand , what is the difference between scatterplot and a dotplot? Is there any difference at all? or often people use them ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 10:02:17 -0400https://liberty.io/the-function-f-z-x-z-zxz-defined-by-the-formula-f-m-n-5m-4n-4m-3n-is-b.htmlhttps://liberty.io/the-function-f-z-x-z-zxz-defined-by-the-formula-f-m-n-5m-4n-4m-3n-is-b.htmlI am not getting how to prove its bijection. My textbook says I need to manipulate it such that, $(x,y) = f(m,n)$ to $f(x,y) =(m,n)$. All I get is $(5x+4y, 4x+3y) = (5m+4n, 4m+3n)$ And then I fin......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:40:13 -0400https://liberty.io/real-analysis-folland-problem-1-3-15-measures.htmlhttps://liberty.io/real-analysis-folland-problem-1-3-15-measures.htmlGiven a measure $\mu$ on $(X,M)$, define $\mu_0$ on $M$ by $$\mu_0(E) = \sup\{\mu(F): F\subset E \ \text{and} \ \mu(F) < \infty\}$$ a.) $\mu_0$ is a semifinite measure. It is called the semifinite ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:31:08 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-significance-of-the-multiplicative-inverse.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-significance-of-the-multiplicative-inverse.htmlI fail to understand the significance or perhaps visualize the use of the multiplicative inverse = $1\over n$ What is the use? And how it can help in problems? Update: Mainly, my question was why ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:25:22 -0400https://liberty.io/phase-portrait-for-degenerate-node-duplicate.htmlhttps://liberty.io/phase-portrait-for-degenerate-node-duplicate.htmlWe have two eigenvalues $\lambda_1$ and $\lambda_2$, with $\lambda_1 = \lambda_2 < 0$. Consider the case we have only one linearly independent eigenvector. Then the phase portrait is a (stable) ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:23:10 -0400https://liberty.io/find-the-coordinates-of-the-center-of-a-circle-with-circles-equations.htmlhttps://liberty.io/find-the-coordinates-of-the-center-of-a-circle-with-circles-equations.htmlLet's say A(3;5) and B(-1;2) and Circle C with a diameter of [AB]. How can i find the coordinate of the center of the cricle ? I tried to make it with circles equation like: (x-x')^2 + (y-y')^2 =......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:19:13 -0400https://liberty.io/calculus-3-sequences-and-series-closed.htmlhttps://liberty.io/calculus-3-sequences-and-series-closed.htmlIs there much use of sequences and series in calc 3? I had some issues with them in calc 2 and what to figure out if I should put a lot of time trying to get better before going into calc 3 or focu......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:04:29 -0400https://liberty.io/what-exactly-is-a-probability-measure-in-simple-words.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-exactly-is-a-probability-measure-in-simple-words.htmlCan someone explain probability measure in simple words? This term has been hunting me for my life. Today I came across Kullback-Leibler divergence. The KL divergence between probability measure......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:03:27 -0400https://liberty.io/do-i-need-to-understand-multi-variable-calculus-to-study-linear-algebr.htmlhttps://liberty.io/do-i-need-to-understand-multi-variable-calculus-to-study-linear-algebr.htmlI'm currently studying Single-Variable Calculus independantly through MIT OCW. I can only focus on one course at a time independantly since it takes up so much time, and I really want to study Linear ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:00:11 -0400https://liberty.io/is-there-always-a-superlinear-function-which-strongly-dominates-a-give.htmlhttps://liberty.io/is-there-always-a-superlinear-function-which-strongly-dominates-a-give.htmlConsider the class $\mathcal{F}$ of functions $f:[0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$ with the following properties $(1)$ $f$ is strictly increasing with $f(0) = 0$. $(2)$ $f \in \omega(x)$ as $x \to \...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:57:07 -0400https://liberty.io/induction-problem-log-of-product-equals-sum-of-logs.htmlhttps://liberty.io/induction-problem-log-of-product-equals-sum-of-logs.htmlPlease help me prove by induction that $\displaystyle\forall n\in {{\mathbb{N}}^{*}}$, $\displaystyle\forall {{a}_{1}},\ldots ,{{a}_{n}}\in {\mathbb{R}}^{*}_{+}$, $\displaystyle \ln \left( \prod\...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:52:08 -0400https://liberty.io/laplace-039-s-equation-in-spherical-coordinates.htmlhttps://liberty.io/laplace-039-s-equation-in-spherical-coordinates.htmlThe general solution of the Laplace equation in spherical coordinates is (independant of $\phi$): $$V(r,\theta ) = \sum ^{\infty} _{l=0} \left( A_l r^l + \frac{B_l}{r^{l+1}} \right) P_l (\cos \the......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:48:38 -0400https://liberty.io/lp-relaxation-for-integer-linear-programming-ilp.htmlhttps://liberty.io/lp-relaxation-for-integer-linear-programming-ilp.htmlI am familiar with LP relaxation for ILP (or IP). Assume we concern with integer minimization problem, which we formalize using ILP; we then relax the ILP into LP and we say that the LP provides a ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:39:23 -0400https://liberty.io/probability-that-two-random-numbers-are-coprime-is-frac-6-pi-2.htmlhttps://liberty.io/probability-that-two-random-numbers-are-coprime-is-frac-6-pi-2.htmlThis is a really natural question for which I know a stunning solution. So I admit I have a solution, however I would like to see if anybody will come up with something different. The question is ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:30:13 -0400https://liberty.io/get-directional-vector-from-point-a-to-point-b.htmlhttps://liberty.io/get-directional-vector-from-point-a-to-point-b.htmlIm currently trying to figure out following vector maths problem: I have a point $A$ and a point $B$ and I want to get the directional vector (if that's incorrect, please tell me) that is needed t......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:29:36 -0400https://liberty.io/how-many-positive-integers-divide-20.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-many-positive-integers-divide-20.html$20!$ Has nos that are multiples of $2,3,4$ and so on. However, the total number of integers is large. So, please help me....Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:05:34 -0400https://liberty.io/intersection-of-finite-number-of-compact-sets-is-compact.htmlhttps://liberty.io/intersection-of-finite-number-of-compact-sets-is-compact.htmlIs the the intersection of a finite number of compact sets is compact? If not please give a counter example to demonstrate this is not true. I said that this is true because the intersection of fi......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:02:49 -0400https://liberty.io/minus-x-vs-negative-x-confusion.htmlhttps://liberty.io/minus-x-vs-negative-x-confusion.htmlMy teacher says that the following equation: $$-9-1(9x-6) = 3(4x+6)$$ Should be simplified at the first stage to: $$-9-9x+6 = 12x+18$$ He says that on the left side of the equation, we should multi......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 08:01:48 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-difference-between-a-predicate-symbol-and-a-function-symbo.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-difference-between-a-predicate-symbol-and-a-function-symbo.htmlThere are a lot of questions and answers on what the difference a predicate and a function in predicate logic is on this website, but there is no question/answer on what the difference between a ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:46:23 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-plot-a-delta-function-in-matlab.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-plot-a-delta-function-in-matlab.htmlHow to plot this function in Matlab: $S(f)=1+\frac{1}{4}(\delta(f+2f{_1})+\delta(f-2f{_1})-\delta(f+2f{_2})+\delta(f-2f{_2}))$ Thanks for any advice!...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:44:25 -0400https://liberty.io/translate-the-following-english-sentences-into-symbolic-sentences-with.htmlhttps://liberty.io/translate-the-following-english-sentences-into-symbolic-sentences-with.htmlthis is my solution of my homework, is that true 100%? Please if there is any mistake tell me because my professor is so careful. Thanks. (Sorry, I don’t speak English well) i) Translate the follo......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:42:04 -0400https://liberty.io/how-ball-sort-puzzle-works.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-ball-sort-puzzle-works.htmlBall sort puzzle is that offline game, there is also another form of this game called water sort puzzle. In the game there are n stacks containing different colors of balls. There are 4 balls of each ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:40:01 -0400https://liberty.io/solve-30u-26-equiv-3-mod-7.htmlhttps://liberty.io/solve-30u-26-equiv-3-mod-7.htmlQuestion Solve $30u+26 \equiv 3\,\mod 7$ I know the solution is here,but i want to know what is flaw in my approach. My Approach $30u+26 \equiv 3\, \mod 7$ $30u \equiv -23\,\mod 7$ $u \equiv -23\...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:33:57 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-find-least-positive-integer.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-find-least-positive-integer.htmlA university exam paper gave a short question of this type- Find least positive integer $x$ such that $13|(x^2+1)$. It may be an easy problem but I am clueless that without anymore ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:29:50 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-find-the-total-distance-traveled-given-the-position-function.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-find-the-total-distance-traveled-given-the-position-function.htmlA particle moves in a straight line according to the rule $x(t)=t^3-2t+5$, where $x(t)$ is given in meters and where $t$ is given in seconds. Determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of the ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:27:12 -0400https://liberty.io/power-set-of-cartesian-product.htmlhttps://liberty.io/power-set-of-cartesian-product.htmlI'm trying to see the differences between a Power set of a cartisian product and the cartisian product of two power sets. I have these 2 examples: $P(\{1, 2\} \times \{3, 4\})$ $P(\{1, 2\}) \time......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:21:23 -0400https://liberty.io/why-can-a-graph-pass-through-its-horizontal-asymptote.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-can-a-graph-pass-through-its-horizontal-asymptote.htmlI am confused why a "horizontal asymptote" that has been passed through by a graph can still be considered an asymptote? Can someone please explain this to me? I've read another website (http://...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:11:31 -0400https://liberty.io/what-does-open-set-mean-in-the-concept-of-a-topology.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-does-open-set-mean-in-the-concept-of-a-topology.htmlGiven the following definition of topology, I am confused about the concept of "open sets". 2.2 Topological Space. We use some of the properties of open sets in the case of metric spaces......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:10:39 -0400https://liberty.io/calculating-a-double-pendulum.htmlhttps://liberty.io/calculating-a-double-pendulum.htmlconsider the following situation of a double pendulum. We found the moving equations as $$ \ddot{\theta_1}=-L_1\sin\theta_1 + \frac{m_2}{m_1}\cos\theta_2\sin(\theta_2-\theta_1),\\ \ddot{\theta}_2=......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:09:10 -0400https://liberty.io/fast-way-to-calculate-eigen-of-2x2-matrix-using-a-formula.htmlhttps://liberty.io/fast-way-to-calculate-eigen-of-2x2-matrix-using-a-formula.htmlI found this site: http://people.math.harvard.edu/~knill/teaching/math21b2004/exhibits/2dmatrices/index.html Which shows a very fast and simple way to get Eigen vectors for a 2x2 matrix. While har......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:07:25 -0400https://liberty.io/for-x-y-in-g-prove-that-x-y-e-if-xy-2-y-3x-and-yx-2-x-3y-duplicate.htmlhttps://liberty.io/for-x-y-in-g-prove-that-x-y-e-if-xy-2-y-3x-and-yx-2-x-3y-duplicate.htmlFor $x,y$ in G, prove that $x = y =e$ if $xy^2=y^3x $ and $yx^2=x^3y$ where $e$ is the identity element in G. I have filled pages trying to solve but unable to reach the solution. Also, Is there......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:06:51 -0400https://liberty.io/find-radius-of-circle-or-sphere-given-segment-area-or-cap-volume-and-c.htmlhttps://liberty.io/find-radius-of-circle-or-sphere-given-segment-area-or-cap-volume-and-c.htmlThe goal is to design a container (partial sphere) of given volume which attached to a plane via a port of a given radius. I believe this can be done as follows but the calculation is causing me ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 07:04:09 -0400https://liberty.io/modularity-lifting-theorem-by-lue-pan.htmlhttps://liberty.io/modularity-lifting-theorem-by-lue-pan.htmlWhen I was searching for the proof of Modularity Lifting Theorem, I found the paper by Luis Dieulefait. According to this paper it seems that there is recent Modularity Lifting Theorem proved by Lu......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:55:55 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-a-metric-matrix.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-a-metric-matrix.htmlI'm having a bit of trouble finding a source of study to metric matrices (I'm not even sure whether this is how we call them in English). It is introduced along with vector inner products. I can't ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:45:50 -0400https://liberty.io/suppose-we-have-an-inscribed-isosceles-triangle-in-a-circle.htmlhttps://liberty.io/suppose-we-have-an-inscribed-isosceles-triangle-in-a-circle.html$ABC$ is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle with centre $O$.Suppose the top vertex is $A$, the right vertex is $B$ and the left vertex is $C$. Also suppose $AC=AB$. Furthermore, the diamet......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:45:11 -0400https://liberty.io/precalc-factoring-x-2-10x-25-9y-2.htmlhttps://liberty.io/precalc-factoring-x-2-10x-25-9y-2.htmlFactor $$x^2+10x+25-9y^2$$ The solution is $$(x+5-3y)(x+5+3y)$$ I understand how to factor when there is only one variable $x$ but I am not sure how to complete this problem with the additional ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:45:11 -0400https://liberty.io/formula-for-the-sequence-0-3-8-15-24.htmlhttps://liberty.io/formula-for-the-sequence-0-3-8-15-24.htmlOut of my own interest I've been practicing finding formula for for sequences and I've been having trouble finding one for the nth term for this sequence. 0,3,8,15,24 ... Clearly you add 5,7,9,1......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:36:55 -0400https://liberty.io/proof-that-every-polygon-with-an-inscribed-circle-is-convex.htmlhttps://liberty.io/proof-that-every-polygon-with-an-inscribed-circle-is-convex.htmlIn many elementary (and not-so-elementary) Euclidean geometry texts, a (simple) polygon is said to be tangential  if it is convex and has an inscribed circle (i.e., a circle that intersects an......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:35:12 -0400https://liberty.io/prove-the-superposition-principle-for-nonhomogeneous-equations.htmlhttps://liberty.io/prove-the-superposition-principle-for-nonhomogeneous-equations.htmlSuppose that $y_1$ is a solution to $Ly_1 = f(x)$ and $y_2$ is a solution to $Ly_2 = g(x)$ Show that $y = y_1 + y_2$ solves $Ly = f(x) + g(x)$. So, assuming that the linear operator $L$ is the s......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:35:01 -0400https://liberty.io/proof-of-formula-for-the-arc-length.htmlhttps://liberty.io/proof-of-formula-for-the-arc-length.htmlI've read the proof of formula for arc length . I wonder why the function has to have continuous derivative (According to the Stewart Calculus book). I mean in which part of the proof we used this ...Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:34:57 -0400https://liberty.io/find-a-cubic-function-given-an-inflection-point-critical-point-and-fun.htmlhttps://liberty.io/find-a-cubic-function-given-an-inflection-point-critical-point-and-fun.htmlFind a cubic function f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d Given: Inflection point (0,18) Critical point x = 2 F(2) = 2 I know how to solve for the general forms of the derivatives, and to set the values ......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:25:43 -0400https://liberty.io/let-h-unlhd-g-and-a-in-g-if-the-coset-ah-has-order-3-in-g-h-and-h-10-w.htmlhttps://liberty.io/let-h-unlhd-g-and-a-in-g-if-the-coset-ah-has-order-3-in-g-h-and-h-10-w.htmlContext I am an undergrad student taking Abstract Algebra I, and this is a problem on a homework assignment. Problem Let $H$ be a normal subgroup of $G$, and let $a ∈ G$. If the coset $aH$ has orde......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:12:40 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-derivative-of-log-x-a-where-x-is-the-base-differentiaition.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-derivative-of-log-x-a-where-x-is-the-base-differentiaition.htmlI want to find out what $\frac{d}{dx}\log_x A$ is? I did this so far but I'm not sure. $y = \log_x A \Longrightarrow x^y = A$ so, $d/dx(x^y) = d/dx(A)$ [differentiating both sides w.r.t $x$] then......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:10:54 -0400https://liberty.io/differential-equations-how-does-separation-of-variables-really-work.htmlhttps://liberty.io/differential-equations-how-does-separation-of-variables-really-work.htmlI'm trying to brush up my differential equations knowledge for an upcoming exam. I watched a set of videos and read few articles on how to solve differential equations via some different methods. O......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:08:09 -0400https://liberty.io/properties-of-invertible-matrices.htmlhttps://liberty.io/properties-of-invertible-matrices.htmlShow that if $A$, $B$, and $A + B$ are invertible matrices with the same size, then $A(A^{-1}+B^{-1})B(A+B)^{-1}=I$ What does the result in the first part tell you about the matrix $(A^{-1}+......Thu, 27 Aug 2026 06:07:01 -0400