https://liberty.ioCurated star highlights with fresh energy.en-usTue, 01 Sep 2026 13:35:34 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-convert-a-vector-to-a-unit-vector-if-its-magnitude-is-smaller-t.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-convert-a-vector-to-a-unit-vector-if-its-magnitude-is-smaller-t.htmlIn my javascript project, I need to convert a vector to a unit vector. I know that I can divide its x and y components by its magnitude. But what if the vector's magnitude is smaller than one? How to ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:34:46 -0400https://liberty.io/questions-tagged-conic-sections.htmlhttps://liberty.io/questions-tagged-conic-sections.htmlQ&A for people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:29:27 -0400https://liberty.io/two-numbers-two-mathematicians-puzzle.htmlhttps://liberty.io/two-numbers-two-mathematicians-puzzle.htmlThis is one of the most beautiful and difficult puzzles I have encountered. I have talked to several people, but I still don't know the solution - I do however know that the solution exists. Someone ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:28:25 -0400https://liberty.io/formula-for-calculating-the-total-interest-payable-over-the-life-of-a-.htmlhttps://liberty.io/formula-for-calculating-the-total-interest-payable-over-the-life-of-a-.htmlwondering if someone can help a non-mathematician out. I am looking for the formula for calculating the total interest payable over the life of a loan. Given that we know: P: Principal (amount) of ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:25:57 -0400https://liberty.io/evaluate-integral-with-fractional-exponents.htmlhttps://liberty.io/evaluate-integral-with-fractional-exponents.htmlCan someone please help me integrating this? $$\displaystyle \int \frac{w\mathrm dw}{(5-3w)^{2/3}}$$ I tried substituting $5-3w = u$ and $-3\mathrm dw = \mathrm du$. So $w = (u-5)/3$ and then we ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:24:30 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-039-physical-039-explanation-of-a-division-by-a-fraction.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-039-physical-039-explanation-of-a-division-by-a-fraction.htmlFor example, dividing by 2, means we cut something in two. But dividing by 0.5, can only be explained with multiplying something by 2. So, is there a "physical" explanation of dividing by 0.5? Is......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:22:43 -0400https://liberty.io/setting-lineard-equation-ode-into-standard-form-proving-existence-of-u.htmlhttps://liberty.io/setting-lineard-equation-ode-into-standard-form-proving-existence-of-u.htmlI'm working on proving existence and uniqueness of a local solution to ODE's of the Lienard variety $$y'' + f(y)\,y' + g(y) = 0$$ I'm trying to put this into standard $y' = f(t,y)$ system So I see ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:22:05 -0400https://liberty.io/contradiction-proof-of-the-product-of-two-irrational-numbers.htmlhttps://liberty.io/contradiction-proof-of-the-product-of-two-irrational-numbers.htmlI am wondering what is wrong with my contradiction proof that "The product of two irrational numbers is irrational". I understand that there are examples where this is not true: $\sqrt{2} * \frac{1}{\...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 17:16:27 -0400https://liberty.io/recurrence-for-number-of-words-of-length-r-over-n-with-no-three-consec.htmlhttps://liberty.io/recurrence-for-number-of-words-of-length-r-over-n-with-no-three-consec.htmlQuestion Let $b_{n,r}$ be the number words of length $r$ over $[n]=\{1,2,\dotsc, n\}$ with no three consecutive letters the same. Show that $$ b_{n,r}=(n-1)(b_{n,r-1}+b_{n,r-2})\quad (r>2)......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:47:48 -0400https://liberty.io/showing-that-x-4-4x-3-11x-2-10x-9-is-irreducible-over-mathbb-q.htmlhttps://liberty.io/showing-that-x-4-4x-3-11x-2-10x-9-is-irreducible-over-mathbb-q.htmlLet $p(x) = x^4 + 4x^3 + 11x^2 + 10x + 9$. How to how that it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$? The first thing I tried was Eisenstein, but that obviously doesn't work with the polynomial in that ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:46:37 -0400https://liberty.io/volume-of-a-hyperbolic-cube-shaped-solid-in-euclidean-space.htmlhttps://liberty.io/volume-of-a-hyperbolic-cube-shaped-solid-in-euclidean-space.htmlI'm searching for a formula for the volume (and, if available, also other information like area, etc.) of a so-called "hyperbolic cube": I couldn't find anything in Wikipedia, and also MathWorld's "...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:20:59 -0400https://liberty.io/does-cos-pi-2-really-equal-zero.htmlhttps://liberty.io/does-cos-pi-2-really-equal-zero.htmlI was watching this video and at 5:30 $\cos \frac{\pi}{2}$ is substituted with $0$. Using my calculator the result I got was $-0.5$. Which one is correct?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:14:47 -0400https://liberty.io/where-can-one-find-a-list-of-prime-numbers.htmlhttps://liberty.io/where-can-one-find-a-list-of-prime-numbers.htmlI am looking for the biggest list of precomputed prime numbers one can find and download. Where should I look?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:10:30 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-the-adjoint-of-an-operator.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-the-adjoint-of-an-operator.htmlThis is from my homework, I'm totally lost as to how to proceed. Consider the operator $T: L^2([0,1]) \rightarrow L^2([0,1])$ defined by $(Tf)(x) = \int^x_0 f(s) \ ds$ What is the adjoint of $T$? ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:06:55 -0400https://liberty.io/since-is-a-subset-of-every-set-it-is-a-subset-of-itself-and-hence-dupl.htmlhttps://liberty.io/since-is-a-subset-of-every-set-it-is-a-subset-of-itself-and-hence-dupl.htmlI am bit confused with the concept of empty set here. Since {} is a subset of every set, it is a subset of itself? and hence {} = {{}}? Also, say A = {a}, but since {} is a subset of A, is it tru......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:59:24 -0400https://liberty.io/decomposition-of-a-biquadratic-polynomial.htmlhttps://liberty.io/decomposition-of-a-biquadratic-polynomial.htmlLet $f(t):=T^4+aT^2+b$ be a polynomial in a field $K[T]$ such that it can be decomposed in two irreducible factors of degree 2. My intuition then is screaming to me that then we neccessarily have ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:54:49 -0400https://liberty.io/a-general-formula-for-n-distinguishable-arrangements-of-length-ell-of-.htmlhttps://liberty.io/a-general-formula-for-n-distinguishable-arrangements-of-length-ell-of-.htmlIs there a general formula for the number of distinguishable arrangements of length $\ell$ of a sequence of size $s$, given the repeated elements? So, For example, would there be a general formula......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:49:37 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-cardinality-of-powerset-of-a-union-set.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-cardinality-of-powerset-of-a-union-set.htmlIs there exist something like P(X+Y) (P STANDS FOR POWERSET)? I am confuse because power set is the set of all subset of Cartesian product, and X+Y wont give Cartesian product but (x,0) U (y,1), a......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:46:40 -0400https://liberty.io/31-331-3331-33331-333331-3333331-33333331-are-prime.htmlhttps://liberty.io/31-331-3331-33331-333331-3333331-33333331-are-prime.html31,331,3331, 33331,333331,3333331,33333331 are prime. This law can continue it? Will there emerge a composite number? Without using a computer how to judge....Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:40:09 -0400https://liberty.io/2015-amc-10b-problem-21.htmlhttps://liberty.io/2015-amc-10b-problem-21.htmlThe problem and solutions I've attempted to solve another AMC 10 problem, and the problem is basically like this: Cozy the Cat and Dash the Dog are going up a staircase with a certain number of......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:36:11 -0400https://liberty.io/continuum-between-addition-multiplication-and-exponentiation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/continuum-between-addition-multiplication-and-exponentiation.htmlI noticed this old post which attempts to find the shades of grey between a linear and log scale where results are between zero and one. However, I was looking for the more general case where we f......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:32:32 -0400https://liberty.io/when-is-991n-2-1-a-perfect-square.htmlhttps://liberty.io/when-is-991n-2-1-a-perfect-square.htmlWhat should be the value of $n$ so that the number obtained after adding $1$ to $991$ times its square is itself a perfect square? Can you please give me a few hints on this topic with a few speci......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:28:15 -0400https://liberty.io/number-of-edges-in-n-cube.htmlhttps://liberty.io/number-of-edges-in-n-cube.htmlIf the number of edges in an $n$-cube (also denoted as $Q_n$) is $k$, what is the number of edges in an $(n+1)$-cube (denoted as $Q_{n+1}$)? Express your answer in terms of $k$ and $n$. How can I ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:18:48 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-show-that-a-cauchy-sequence-of-sequences-converges.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-show-that-a-cauchy-sequence-of-sequences-converges.htmlLet $c_0$ be the space of real-valued sequences $\{x_n\}$ which converge to zero, equipped with the metric $d(\{x_n\}, \{y_n\}) = sup_n |x_n − y_n|$. I want to show that the metric space $(c_0, d)$......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:09:48 -0400https://liberty.io/sequence-with-no-accumulation-point.htmlhttps://liberty.io/sequence-with-no-accumulation-point.htmlConstruct an example of a set of real numbers E that has no points of accumulation and yet has the property that for every ε > 0 there exist points x, y ∈ E so that 0 < |x − y| < ε. so i kno......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:05:04 -0400https://liberty.io/radical-and-radical-ideal.htmlhttps://liberty.io/radical-and-radical-ideal.htmlI am trying to get used to the terminology of commutative algebra. Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. Then I know radical $\sqrt{I} := \{ a\in R| a^n \in I, \textrm{for some $n \in \mathbb{Z......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:03:57 -0400https://liberty.io/in-percent-change-why-do-we-divide-the-difference-by-the-original-numb.htmlhttps://liberty.io/in-percent-change-why-do-we-divide-the-difference-by-the-original-numb.htmlIf $a = 90$ and $b = 100$, and we are calculating the percent increase going from $a$ to $b$, we calculate the actual numerical difference $b - a = 10$. But why divide the difference into the star......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:02:13 -0400https://liberty.io/laplace-transform-of-the-square-of-first-derivative.htmlhttps://liberty.io/laplace-transform-of-the-square-of-first-derivative.htmlI want to compute the laplace transformation of this equation: $$4 -0.1{\operatorname{d}\!x(t)\over\operatorname{d}\!t} - 0.01\left({\operatorname{d}\!x(t)\over\operatorname{d}\!t}\right)^2 = 0.9{\...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:01:59 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-calculate-a-b-bmod-n-and-b-bmod-n-closed.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-calculate-a-b-bmod-n-and-b-bmod-n-closed.htmlConsider the following expression: (a - b) mod N Which of the following is equivalent to the above expression? 1) ((a mod N) + (-b mod N)) mod N 2) ((a mod N) - (b mod N)) mod N Also, how is (......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:59:43 -0400https://liberty.io/computing-volume-by-cross-section-method.htmlhttps://liberty.io/computing-volume-by-cross-section-method.htmlThe base of the solid below is the region in the $xy$-plane bounded by the $x$-axis,the graph of y = $\sqrt{x}$ and the line $ x = 3 $. Find the volume of the solid. Each cross-section of S ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:56:17 -0400https://liberty.io/how-do-i-calculate-the-area-of-a-curved-irregular-plane-such-as-an-aer.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-do-i-calculate-the-area-of-a-curved-irregular-plane-such-as-an-aer.htmlSo I need to calculate the wing area of an airbus a350 and all I have is this blueprints. Thought about searching functions that fit the wing from the top perspective and then integrate, but I dont......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:54:13 -0400https://liberty.io/how-long-will-it-take-to-learn-algebra-1-2-geometry-and-pre-calculus-c.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-long-will-it-take-to-learn-algebra-1-2-geometry-and-pre-calculus-c.htmlI've previously learned algebra (wasn't the best, wasn't the worst) and have since forgotten most (basically all) of it. I'm currently homeschooled and I would like to go to college in two years. D......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:50:58 -0400https://liberty.io/how-the-jacobian-of-the-transformation-can-be-shown-to-not-depend-on-x.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-the-jacobian-of-the-transformation-can-be-shown-to-not-depend-on-x.htmlTransform the random variables, $X_i$, $i=1,2,\ldots,n$ to $$ \begin{align} Y_1 & =\bar X \\ Y_2 & =X_2-\bar X \\ Y_3 & = X_3-\bar X \\ & {}\ \vdots \\ Y_n & =X_n-\bar X \end{......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:32:46 -0400https://liberty.io/probability-of-winning-twice-on-a-wheel-of-fortune.htmlhttps://liberty.io/probability-of-winning-twice-on-a-wheel-of-fortune.htmlA wheel of fortune is divided into 40 sectors, numbered from 1 to 40. Tickets are sold representing each sector. Tickets are \$1 each. All 40 tickets must be sold before the wheel can be spun. Only......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:30:29 -0400https://liberty.io/probability-question-with-black-and-white-marbles.htmlhttps://liberty.io/probability-question-with-black-and-white-marbles.htmlJust looking for some help with this question. The answer seems obvious but I am questioning myself as it seems a little too obvious. Max has a bag containing 2 black marbles and 2 white marbles.......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:25:39 -0400https://liberty.io/why-are-rings-called-rings.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-are-rings-called-rings.htmlI've done some search in Internet and other sources about this question. Why the name ring to this particular object? Just curiosity. Thanks....Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:22:22 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-solve-a-quintic-polynomial-equation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-solve-a-quintic-polynomial-equation.htmlI know that not all quintics are solvable. But how do I identify the class of solvable ones?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:22:00 -0400https://liberty.io/guess-the-value-of-the-limit.htmlhttps://liberty.io/guess-the-value-of-the-limit.htmlSimplify and guess the value of $\lim_{x\to 2}\frac {x^3-8}{x-2}$. I'm very confused on how to do this. Please help!...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:18:31 -0400https://liberty.io/what-does-the-phrase-except-possibly-mean.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-does-the-phrase-except-possibly-mean.htmlThis term was used by my math professor when he was teaching us limits. This term also appears online like this "Let f be a function which is defined on some open interval containing $a$ except pos......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:11:41 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-angle-in-an-equilateral-triangular-pyramid.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-angle-in-an-equilateral-triangular-pyramid.htmlGiven an equilateral triangular pyramid (refer the below diagram) $\Delta ABC$ & $P$ is any point inside the triangle such that ${PA}^{2}={PB}^{2}+{PC}^{2}$, then $\angle BPC$ is - I am unable......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:00:36 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-tell-if-3-connected-points-are-connected-clockwise-or-counter-c.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-tell-if-3-connected-points-are-connected-clockwise-or-counter-c.htmlI have three points: p1(x1,y1) p2(x2,y2) and p3(x3,y3). I am connecting p1 to p2 to p3. how can I tell if the triangle was drawn clockwise or counter-clockwise? How can I generalize this for n po......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:49:49 -0400https://liberty.io/finately-supported-sequences-are-dense-in-l-p.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finately-supported-sequences-are-dense-in-l-p.htmlI want to prove that the set of finitely supported sequences $$s=\{(x_1,x_2,\dots):\exists N>0 \;st\; x_{n\geq N}=0\}$$ is dense in $l^p$, $$l^p = \{ (x_1,x_2,\dots) : \;\;x_i\in\mathbb{K} \;an......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:48:15 -0400https://liberty.io/cube-roots-of-complex-numbers-closed.htmlhttps://liberty.io/cube-roots-of-complex-numbers-closed.htmlI need help with finding the cube roots of the complex number 27... I know that the obvious answer is three, but what is the less simple method to solving this?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:42:29 -0400https://liberty.io/method-of-isoclines.htmlhttps://liberty.io/method-of-isoclines.htmlI have this exercise and I do not know how to solve it. By using the method of isoclines represent the integrals of equation corbes nonautonomous $x'=x^2-t$. There are some indications: Let $P ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:34:29 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-x-intercepts-and-coordinates-of-the-vertex.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-x-intercepts-and-coordinates-of-the-vertex.htmlThe following diagram shows part of graph of f, where $f(x) = x^2 - x - 2$. Find both x-intercepts. For this, $f(x)$ means $y$, should I set $y$ to 0 and solve for the $x$ values? $0 = x^2 - x ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:28:01 -0400https://liberty.io/when-to-use-cumulative-moving-average-vs-a-simple-moving-average.htmlhttps://liberty.io/when-to-use-cumulative-moving-average-vs-a-simple-moving-average.htmlAfter reviewing the Wikipedia page on moving averages, the difference between the simple moving average and cumulative moving average are clear: 1) Simple moving average only considers the last n ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:22:42 -0400https://liberty.io/coefficients-of-quadratic-function.htmlhttps://liberty.io/coefficients-of-quadratic-function.htmlIn a quadratic function: coefficient $a$ controls the speed of increase/decrease from the vertex. coefficient $b$ controls the downward slope as the function crosses the y-axis. I don't real......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:07:46 -0400https://liberty.io/prove-that-this-integral-operator-is-compact.htmlhttps://liberty.io/prove-that-this-integral-operator-is-compact.htmlLet $X,Y=L^2(0,1)$, $k\in C^0([0,1]^2)$. Define $$ K:X\to Y,\,\,\,\,\,Kf(x):=\int_0^1k(x,y)f(y)dy\,\,\,\,\forall\, f\in L^2(0,1). $$ I have to show that $K$ is compact. My idea is to prove that $......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:05:21 -0400https://liberty.io/radius-of-convergence-of-power-series-or-geometric-series.htmlhttps://liberty.io/radius-of-convergence-of-power-series-or-geometric-series.htmlTo find radius of convergence of geometric series $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$$ I need to use ratio/root test to find $|L|&lt1$ To find radius of convergence of power series $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty c_n (x......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:00:09 -0400https://liberty.io/is-there-a-deeper-meaning-when-a-number-is-squared-closed.htmlhttps://liberty.io/is-there-a-deeper-meaning-when-a-number-is-squared-closed.htmlIn my opinion, math is about more than just memorizing equations, it's about numbers that are built in a way that represents our understanding of something. So I ask this, what does it mean intuit......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:58:31 -0400https://liberty.io/maclaurin-series-for-arctan-x-by-successive-differentiation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/maclaurin-series-for-arctan-x-by-successive-differentiation.htmlI am trying to find a Maclaurin Series for $\arctan(x)$ up to the term with the fifth power of x and I have to use the method of successive differentiation. I know (from an example in my notes) the ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:56:04 -0400https://liberty.io/the-size-of-the-biggest-square-that-can-be-inscribed-within-a-circle.htmlhttps://liberty.io/the-size-of-the-biggest-square-that-can-be-inscribed-within-a-circle.html(a) Is the size the biggest square that can be fit inside a circle always $2r^2$? (b) How do you do when you show that is indeed the case? I want to compare my boyfriend's proofs with that of o......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:48:59 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-affine-space-and-what-is-it-for.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-affine-space-and-what-is-it-for.htmlThese two topics already exist: (preface: got in contact with affine space through computer graphics subject in university) What are affine spaces for? What are differences between affine space ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:34:36 -0400https://liberty.io/x-axis-of-a-linearized-polynomial.htmlhttps://liberty.io/x-axis-of-a-linearized-polynomial.htmlThe other day in my Physics class we had some sample data that we wanted to linearize. The graph resembled a root curve. So to linearize it, we took the square root of all the x data and replotte......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:28:58 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-expand-cos-nx-with-cos-x.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-expand-cos-nx-with-cos-x.htmlMultiple Angle Identities: How to expand $\cos nx$ with $\cos x$, such as $$\cos10x=512(\cos x)^{10}-1280(\cos x)^8+1120(\cos x)^6-400(\cos x)^4+50(\cos x)^2-1$$ See a list of trigonometric ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:18:06 -0400https://liberty.io/similar-matrices-how-do-you-find-them.htmlhttps://liberty.io/similar-matrices-how-do-you-find-them.htmlMy lecture notes write that two matrices are said to be similar if there exists an $n \times n$ invertible matrix $P$ such that $B = P^{-1} AP$. But suppose I am given two matrices, $A$ and $B$, ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:03:29 -0400https://liberty.io/taking-partial-derivative-via-fourier-transform-using-matlab.htmlhttps://liberty.io/taking-partial-derivative-via-fourier-transform-using-matlab.htmlFor a task for university, I need to calculate in matlab a partial derivative using the 2D Fourier transform. Using equation (13) on pg 3 in http://www2.ph.ed.ac.uk/~wjh/teaching/Fourier/documents/...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 12:02:25 -0400https://liberty.io/why-can-natural-logarithm-receive-negative-x-in-the-context-of-derivat.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-can-natural-logarithm-receive-negative-x-in-the-context-of-derivat.htmlIn our class we had this formula for $x<0$: $$ \ln(-x)' = \frac{1}{-x} \cdot (-x)' = \frac{1}{x} $$ The conclusion is that: $$ \int\frac{1}{x}dx = \ln|x| + c, x \neq 0 $$ I don't understand how......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:47:20 -0400https://liberty.io/formula-and-percentages.htmlhttps://liberty.io/formula-and-percentages.htmlI need help making a formula. Here is the basic concept: I have 1 twenty-sided die (from now on 1d20) and another 16-sided die (1d16). I roll each, and the die which displays the lowest number "win......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:32:29 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-non-closed-paths-so-that-a-line-integral-equals-certain-values.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-non-closed-paths-so-that-a-line-integral-equals-certain-values.htmlSo I'm required to find a non-closed path $C$ so that the line integral $$\displaystyle \int_C \mathbf{F} \cdot \mathrm d \mathbf{r}$$ equals $0$, and another non-closed path $C$ so that the line ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:24:12 -0400https://liberty.io/what-are-the-length-of-the-longest-element-in-a-coexter-group-for-ever.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-are-the-length-of-the-longest-element-in-a-coexter-group-for-ever.htmlWhat are the length of the longest element in a Coxeter group for every type? Thank you very much....Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:14:02 -0400https://liberty.io/has-anyone-ever-attempted-to-find-all-splits-of-a-rectangle-into-small.htmlhttps://liberty.io/has-anyone-ever-attempted-to-find-all-splits-of-a-rectangle-into-small.htmlI'm enamored by the games Unproportional and Unproportional2. The only problem is that they have way too few levels. :) But, I'm a computer programmer, so I could make my own! With blackjack and ho......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:13:37 -0400https://liberty.io/composition-of-even-and-odd-functions-and-their-outcome.htmlhttps://liberty.io/composition-of-even-and-odd-functions-and-their-outcome.htmlGive an example of an even function. Give an example of an odd function. If f(x) is odd and g(x) is even, must f(g(x)) be even? Must g(f(x)) be even? I've tried generic functions like f(x) = x^3......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:06:20 -0400https://liberty.io/determining-whether-matrix-is-self-adjoint.htmlhttps://liberty.io/determining-whether-matrix-is-self-adjoint.htmlI have three matrices and I am trying to determine if they represent a self-adjoint linear transformation in some basis on an inner product space. The matrices are: $$A_1 = \left( \begin{array}{c......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:04:02 -0400https://liberty.io/half-full-cone-of-water.htmlhttps://liberty.io/half-full-cone-of-water.htmlI have been battling with this for a little while now, but can't really get my head around it. The question goes: how high must you pour water into a cone before it is half-full (by volume)? No ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 11:02:42 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-compute-these-riemann-stieltjes-integrals.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-compute-these-riemann-stieltjes-integrals.htmlI have some doubt on this exercise which I have to solve: Compute The Integral $\displaystyle \int_0^4 F(x) \ \mathrm{d}G(x)$ for 1.) $F(x) = x$ for $x<2$, $1$ otherwise; $G(x)=x^2$ 2.) $F(x)......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:57:46 -0400https://liberty.io/finding-prime-implicants-and-essential-prime-implicants-for-boolean-fu.htmlhttps://liberty.io/finding-prime-implicants-and-essential-prime-implicants-for-boolean-fu.htmlI am trying to solve a EE problem and am unsure whether I doing it correctly. The problem is: Find all the prime implicants for the following Boolean functions, and determine which are essential: ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:55:20 -0400https://liberty.io/what-does-f-039-and-f-039-039-mean.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-does-f-039-and-f-039-039-mean.htmlI'm trying to learn what a Taylor series is, This is the equation I'm looking at and I know 0 calculus. I have been told that $F'(x)$ is a derivative but what does $F''(x)$ mean?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:38:18 -0400https://liberty.io/proving-aoc-axiom-of-completeness-using-nip-nested-interval-property.htmlhttps://liberty.io/proving-aoc-axiom-of-completeness-using-nip-nested-interval-property.htmlNIP $\implies$ AoC. $\newcommand{\absval}[1]{\left\lvert #1 \right\rvert}$ Exercise 2.5.4 from Understanding Analysis by Abott. The Bolzanno-Weierstrass theorem is extremely important, and so is the ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:38:06 -0400https://liberty.io/why-do-2-log-x-and-log-x-2-look-different-when-graphing-duplicate.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-do-2-log-x-and-log-x-2-look-different-when-graphing-duplicate.htmlI understand how both graphs are drawn, but I do not understand why you cannot just convert one into another. It feels natural to me to just convert $2\log x$ to $\log x^2$ and not have to worry ab......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:37:02 -0400https://liberty.io/second-order-sde-solutions.htmlhttps://liberty.io/second-order-sde-solutions.htmlI have the following stochastic process: $$\ddot x(t)=a(t)+\nu(t)$$ where $a(t)$ is a deterministic function of the time and $\nu(t)$ is a random variable: $$\nu(t)\in\mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^2)$$ Obvi......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:31:35 -0400https://liberty.io/barycentric-coordinates-of-the-center-of-mass-of-a-triangle.htmlhttps://liberty.io/barycentric-coordinates-of-the-center-of-mass-of-a-triangle.htmlHow can I compute the barycentric coordinates of the center of mass of a triangle if its $3$ vertices are defined by $P_1, P_2$ and $P_3.$ This is what I tried: $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{cc} (m_1 ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:12:28 -0400https://liberty.io/help-understanding-the-range-and-kernel-of-a-linear-transformation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/help-understanding-the-range-and-kernel-of-a-linear-transformation.htmlI'm having some trouble understanding the Range and Kernel of a linear transformation. The definition goes as follows: Let $T:V \longrightarrow W$ be a linear transformation. Define the sets $ke......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:09:00 -0400https://liberty.io/determining-ambiguity-in-context-free-grammars.htmlhttps://liberty.io/determining-ambiguity-in-context-free-grammars.htmlWhat are some common ways to determine if a grammar is ambiguous or not? What are some common attributes that ambiguous grammars have? For example, consider the following Grammar G: $S \rightarro......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:08:36 -0400https://liberty.io/homology-of-the-klein-bottle.htmlhttps://liberty.io/homology-of-the-klein-bottle.htmlI know that in general, $H_{n}(X)$ counts the number of $n$-cycles that are not $n$-boundaries of a simplicial complex $X$. So for the sphere, $H_{0}(X) \cong \mathbb{Z}$ since it is connected. Als......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 10:00:07 -0400https://liberty.io/what-are-the-real-world-applications-of-real-analysis.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-are-the-real-world-applications-of-real-analysis.htmlI've read the wikipedia article on mathematical analysis and this, but I can't exactly find an answer. Is real analysis just some pure math, or does it really have something to with physical applic......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:50:58 -0400https://liberty.io/find-the-asymptotic-upper-bound.htmlhttps://liberty.io/find-the-asymptotic-upper-bound.htmlI need to find the asymptotic upper bounds in $O$ notation for $T(N)$ in two recurrences. Assuming that $T(N)$ is constant for sufficiently small $N$, I need to make the bounds as tight as possible......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:40:44 -0400https://liberty.io/matrix-calculator-tools.htmlhttps://liberty.io/matrix-calculator-tools.htmlDoes there exist any such software/online calculator where I can enter a matrix and am able to obtain the formula for an arbitrary power of the matrix? It would be an added benefit if the entries ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:39:52 -0400https://liberty.io/curl-and-product-rule.htmlhttps://liberty.io/curl-and-product-rule.htmlI know the famous identity $\nabla \times (\vec{A} \times \vec{B}) = A(\nabla \cdot \vec{B}) -B(\nabla \cdot \vec{A}) + (B\cdot \nabla) \vec{A}- (A\cdot \nabla) \vec{B}$ My question: Can I distri......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:34:43 -0400https://liberty.io/stirling-039-s-formula-proof.htmlhttps://liberty.io/stirling-039-s-formula-proof.htmlSuppose we want to show that $$ n! \sim \sqrt{2 \pi} n^{n+(1/2)}e^{-n}$$ Instead we could show that $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n!}{n^{n+(1/2)}e^{-n}} = C$$ where $C$ is a constant. Maybe $C = \sqr......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:34:42 -0400https://liberty.io/in-which-sense-does-cauchy-riemann-equations-link-complex-and-real-ana.htmlhttps://liberty.io/in-which-sense-does-cauchy-riemann-equations-link-complex-and-real-ana.htmlOn page 12 of Stein, Shakarchi textbook 'Complex analysis', the authors state that the Cauchy-Riemann equations link complex and real analysis. I have completed courses on real and complex analysis......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:30:39 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-integrate-a-three-products.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-integrate-a-three-products.htmlI tried to integrate $x e^x \sin x$, using integration by parts, and setting $\frac{\, \mathrm dv}{\, \mathrm dx} = e^x \sin x$. Even though I got really close, I kept getting it wrong. Can some......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:26:57 -0400https://liberty.io/odds-of-a-specific-dice-distribution-occuring-when-playing-catan-2d6.htmlhttps://liberty.io/odds-of-a-specific-dice-distribution-occuring-when-playing-catan-2d6.htmlSo this is messing with me, because I have no idea how I would even go about starting calculating this. I have played a game of Catan. For those that don't know, it's a board game that involves rol......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:22:45 -0400https://liberty.io/change-of-basis-matrix-exercise-find-the-basis-given-the-matrix.htmlhttps://liberty.io/change-of-basis-matrix-exercise-find-the-basis-given-the-matrix.htmlThe matrix of basis change from basis $B = \{b_1,b_2\}$ to the basis $C = \{(1,1),(0,2)\}$ is $$ M = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\2&3\end{bmatrix}$$ Find basis $B$. Well, here's what I did: ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:22:32 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-find-indicial-equation.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-find-indicial-equation.htmlHow can I find the indicial equation of $x(x-1)y''+3y'-2y=0$? I tried the method of Frobenius but I keep getting lost in the algebra. Is there any other way to get the indicial equation?...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 09:04:19 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-recognise-a-problem-requiring-the-use-of-calculus.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-recognise-a-problem-requiring-the-use-of-calculus.htmlI've taken a calculus class for a semester at university as a mandatory part of my curriculum. In this class, we were taught formal definitions of what are derivatives and integrals, how to calculate ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:57:51 -0400https://liberty.io/is-the-hilbert-schmidt-norm-of-a-matrix-induced-from-a-vector-norm-dup.htmlhttps://liberty.io/is-the-hilbert-schmidt-norm-of-a-matrix-induced-from-a-vector-norm-dup.htmlA general way to get a matrix norm is inducing it from a vector norm. The question is, can the Hilbert-Schmidt norm obtained this way? As a norm general question, is every matrix norm obtained th......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:47:54 -0400https://liberty.io/what-textbook-is-being-used-in-these-lectures-linear-algebra.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-textbook-is-being-used-in-these-lectures-linear-algebra.htmlI am learning Linear Algebra from these lectures by Prof. Adrian Banner (Princeton University) Does anyone know what textbook they are using? This is a link to the playlist on YouTube: https://www....Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:39:20 -0400https://liberty.io/what-exactly-is-significand.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-exactly-is-significand.htmlper wiki, The significand is part of a number in scientific notation or a floating-point number, consisting of its significant digits. in this example $$123.45 = 0.12345 × 10^3$$ which part is ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:31:00 -0400https://liberty.io/is-it-propositional-function-or-simply-proposition.htmlhttps://liberty.io/is-it-propositional-function-or-simply-proposition.htmlI was going through the text "Discrete Mathematics and Its Application" by Kenneth H Rosen (5th Edition) where I came across the use of $P(n)$ in the mathematical induction chapter and felt ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:30:59 -0400https://liberty.io/how-to-calculate-x-with-percent-of-x-y.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-to-calculate-x-with-percent-of-x-y.htmlI am sorry if this is impossible to compute in one equatation. I am trying to compute the following: for example y = 574 x - ((16% of x) + y) = 0 the goal is to find out what is x so as to make it ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:16:29 -0400https://liberty.io/why-aren-039-t-logarithms-defined-for-negative-x.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-aren-039-t-logarithms-defined-for-negative-x.htmlGiven a logarithm is true, if and only if, $y = \log_b{x}$ and $b^y = x$ (and $x$ and $b$ are positive, and $b$ is not equal to $1$)[1], are true, why aren't logarithms defined for negative ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 08:08:30 -0400https://liberty.io/what-is-the-double-bracket-notation-used-here.htmlhttps://liberty.io/what-is-the-double-bracket-notation-used-here.htmlIts kind of a bracket but I'm not sure what it means. I have two ideas about it: It means the number of times the expression in satisfied or it changes for $1$ or $0$ depending on the result every......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:56:57 -0400https://liberty.io/why-is-pi-2-so-close-to-10.htmlhttps://liberty.io/why-is-pi-2-so-close-to-10.htmlNoam Elkies explained why $\pi^2=9.8696...$ is so close to $10$ using an inequality on Euler's solution to Basel problem $$\frac{\pi^2}{6}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}$$ to f......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:55:23 -0400https://liberty.io/how-can-i-find-the-maximum-velocity-if-i-039-ve-already-found-when-it-.htmlhttps://liberty.io/how-can-i-find-the-maximum-velocity-if-i-039-ve-already-found-when-it-.htmlI've been working on this problem for awhile and got the second half figured out, but I can't seem to get what the maximum actually is. Here's the question: A bullet is fired in the air verticall......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:53:22 -0400https://liberty.io/deriving-the-derivative-formula-for-arcsecant-correctly.htmlhttps://liberty.io/deriving-the-derivative-formula-for-arcsecant-correctly.htmlI have been trying to derive the derivative of the arcsecant function, but I can't quite get the right answer (the correct answer is the absolute value of what I get). I first get $\frac{d}{dy}\sec......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:50:44 -0400https://liberty.io/interpreting-divergence-of-velocity-field.htmlhttps://liberty.io/interpreting-divergence-of-velocity-field.htmlThe wikipedia article on divergence describes one interpretation of divergence: "The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all ...Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:48:48 -0400https://liberty.io/martingale-and-submartingale.htmlhttps://liberty.io/martingale-and-submartingale.htmlWhen $X_n$ is a martingale we know $(X_n)^+$, i.e. the positive part of $X_n$, is also a submartingale. Is this true? It is easy to show that this is SUB-m.g. but I couldn't find a counter-example ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:47:56 -0400https://liberty.io/can-the-fibonacci-sequence-be-written-as-an-explicit-rule.htmlhttps://liberty.io/can-the-fibonacci-sequence-be-written-as-an-explicit-rule.htmlWhen I learned sums and sequences in algebra II with trig I learned about recursive rules and explicit rules. A recursive rule written with the formula of: $$a_n = r * a_{n-1}$$ Or as: $$a_n = a_{......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:46:45 -0400https://liberty.io/proving-the-identity-sin3x-sin-x-2-sin2x-cos-x.htmlhttps://liberty.io/proving-the-identity-sin3x-sin-x-2-sin2x-cos-x.htmlI need some help proving this identity: $$\sin3x + \sin x = 2\sin2x\cos x$$ I don't know where to start. I thought about expanding $\sin 3x$ into $\sin (2x + x)$ but I don't think that does me ......Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:45:02 -0400