I am attempting the exercise in R for data science (7.5.2.1, #2): Use geom_tile() together with dplyr to explore how average flight delays vary by destination and month of year. What makes the plot difficult to read? How could you improve it?
First, transmute columns.
library(nycflights13) foo <- nycflights13::flights %>% transmute(tot_delay = dep_delay + arr_delay, m = month, d = dest) %>% filter(!is.na(tot_delay)) %>% group_by(m, d) %>% summarise(avg_delay = mean(tot_delay)) Now foo appears to be a data frame based on the 'Source' output.
> foo Source: local data frame [1,112 x 3] Groups: m [?] m d avg_delay <int> <chr> <dbl> 1 1 ALB 76.571429 2 1 ATL 8.567982 3 1 AUS 19.017751 4 1 AVL 49.000000 5 1 BDL 32.081081 6 1 BHM 47.043478 7 1 BNA 25.930233 8 1 BOS 2.698517 9 1 BQN 8.516129 10 1 BTV 18.393665 # ... with 1,102 more rows It doesn't appear that as_tibble is working, what could I be doing wrong?
> as_tibble(foo) Source: local data frame [1,112 x 3] Groups: m [?] m d avg_delay <int> <chr> <dbl> 1 1 ALB 76.571429 2 1 ATL 8.567982 3 1 AUS 19.017751 4 1 AVL 49.000000 5 1 BDL 32.081081 6 1 BHM 47.043478 7 1 BNA 25.930233 8 1 BOS 2.698517 9 1 BQN 8.516129 10 1 BTV 18.393665 # ... with 1,102 more rows Shouldn't the internals be different for a tibble?
> str(foo) Classes ‘grouped_df’, ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 1112 obs. of 3 variables: $ m : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ d : chr "ALB" "ATL" "AUS" "AVL" ... $ avg_delay: num 76.57 8.57 19.02 49 32.08 ... - attr(*, "vars")=List of 1 ..$ : symbol m - attr(*, "drop")= logi TRUE > str(as_tibble(foo)) Classes ‘grouped_df’, ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 1112 obs. of 3 variables: $ m : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ d : chr "ALB" "ATL" "AUS" "AVL" ... $ avg_delay: num 76.57 8.57 19.02 49 32.08 ... - attr(*, "vars")=List of 1 ..$ : symbol m - attr(*, "drop")= logi TRUE Note that as_tibble() works as expected
> packageDescription("tibble") Package: tibble Encoding: UTF-8 Version: 1.3.0 > is_tibble(foo) [1] TRUE 1 Answer
Works for me - foo is a "tibble" and is announced as "A tibble: 112 x 3" in the print:
> foo Source: local data frame [1,112 x 3] Groups: m [?] # A tibble: 1,112 x 3 m d avg_delay <int> <chr> <dbl> 1 1 ALB 76.571429 2 1 ATL 8.567982 So you possibly have an old version of dplyr. Mine is:
> packageDescription("dplyr") Package: dplyr Type: Package Version: 0.5.0 And everything else:
> sessionInfo() R version 3.3.1 (2016-06-21) Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) Running under: Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS locale: [1] LC_CTYPE=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C [3] LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_GB.UTF-8 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.UTF-8 [7] LC_PAPER=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] dplyr_0.5.0 tibble_1.3.1 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] magrittr_1.5 R6_2.2.0 assertthat_0.2.0 DBI_0.5-1 [5] tools_3.3.1 Rcpp_0.12.11 rlang_0.1.1 
